Women have been stereotyped as complainers, endless talkers, damsels in distress… the weaker sex. But given the extensive research and studies made on women-related diseases, some might conclude that women have, indeed, more reason to complain about. Infertility, endometriosis, mammography, breast diseases, vaginal diseases, vulvar disease, osteoporosis, glaucoma, childbearing, and menopause — they’re are just some of the diseases or conditions that affect an incredible number of women around the world. Scientists who have been investigating gender differences in pain are finding that, when compared with men, women experience more pain throughout the span of their lifetime. Additionally they experience pain more severely and for longer amounts of time when compared with men. Some of the most astounding research concerns the medications used to treat pain. This work calls into question the age-old pain management practice of “one size (or one drug) fits all. ” For instance, a series of studies have shown that morphine-like drugs called kappa-opioids, produce significantly greater treatment in women than in men. These drugs work through receptors in the central nervous system. You will find multiple types of opioid receptors which are kappa, mu, delta, and sigma. The mu and kappa categories are the two major classes regarded as responsible for the analgesic effect. Kappa-opioids are not as widely used as other narcotic pain medications. Drugs that work with the mu-receptors are the mostly prescribed treatment drugs of that class. However, these drugs have side effects such as nausea, itching, constipation, amongst others. Other studies have shown that common pain relievers do less for women than for men. In a study of experimentally-induced pain, ibuprofen, the key ingredient in Advil, Motrin, and other over-the-counter analgesics known as NSAIDS (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) were less effective in providing treatment for women than men. Ibuprofen is the most common medication taken to treat headaches. Types of primary headaches are migraines, cluster headaches and tension headaches. “Tension-type” headaches, or tension headaches, are the most common type of “constant headaches. ” About 30% to 80% of adults occasionally experience this type of headache. These headaches are now and again called stress headaches, muscle contraction headaches, daily headaches, or chronic non-progressive headaches. Tension headaches tend to be more common among women than men and occurs two to three times with greater regularity among women. Regardless of tension headaches, there are lots of painful diseases and injuries that affect women. Osteoarthritis (OA) or degenerative osteo-arthritis is more prevalent among women over the age of fifty-five, and women may have problems with a more severe kind of this disease. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) occurs two and a half times more often among women, plus it might also affect them more severely. Women athletes experience knee injuries two to eight times with greater regularity than their male counterparts. This is particularly true for tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Osteoporosis affects both sexes, but women develop it at a much younger age and in much better numbers because of hormonal differences. Even though men and women have problems with the same illness, the accompanying symptoms could be totally different. We do not know why these differences exist but many scientific studies show that the sexes differ on nearly every level. From the molecular to the psychological, from the basic genetic codes to the hormones, biology, physiology, and the overall functioning of the immune response systems. So which will be the weaker sex in terms of pain? It could be hard to say since men and women have different experiences with pain. But a more interesting twist for this issue